ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the development of chronic pain. Acupuncture is an alternative therapy widely used for pain management. In this study, we investigated the role of spinal neuronal GRK2 in electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia. METHODS: The mice model of inflammatory pain was built by subcutaneous injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the plantar surface of the hind paws. The mechanical allodynia of mice was examined by von Frey test. The mice were subjected to EA treatment (BL60 and ST36 acupuncture points) for 1 week. Overexpression and down-regulation of spinal neuronal GRK2 were achieved by intraspinal injection of adeno associated virus (AAV) containing neuron-specific promoters, and microglial activation and neuroinflammation were evaluated by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Intraplantar injection with CFA in mice induced the decrease of GRK2 and microglial activation along with neuroinflammation in spinal cord. EA treatment increased the spinal GRK2, reduced neuroinflammation, and significantly decreased CFA-induced mechanical allodynia. The effects of EA were markedly weakened by non-cell-specific downregulation of spinal GRK2. Further, intraspinal injection of AAV containing neuron-specific promoters specifically downregulated neuronal GRK2, and weakened the regulatory effect of EA on CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and microglial activation. Meanwhile, overexpression of spinal neuronal GRK2 decreased mechanical allodynia. All these indicated that the neuronal GRK2 mediated microglial activation and neuroinflammation, and subsequently contributed to CFA-induced inflammatory pain. CONCLUSION: The restoration of the spinal GRK2 and subsequent suppression of microglial activation and neuroinflammation might be an important mechanism for EA analgesia. Our findings further suggested that the spinal GRK2, especially neuronal GRK2, might be the potential target for EA analgesia and pain management, and we provided a new experimental basis for the EA treatment of pain.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Electroacupuncture , Microglia/physiology , G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/physiology , Pain Management , Pain/chemically induced , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/therapy , NeuronsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of cupping treatment for recurrent mycotic vaginitis. Method Three hundred and eighty-three patients with recurrent mycotic vaginitis were randomly allocated, including 188 cases to a control group and 195 cases to an observation group. The control group received vaginal administration of clotrimazole and oral administration of sporanox and the observation group, cupping treatment in addition. Re-examination was made after two weeks of treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects and the clinical scores were compared between the two groups. Result In the observation group, clinical cure occurred in 96 patients, accounting for 49.2%; marked effectiveness, in 45 patients, accounting for 23.1%; effectiveness, in 34 patients, accounting for 17.4%; ineffectiveness, in 20 patients, accounting for 10.3%, with a total efficacy rate of 89.7%. In the control group, clinical cure occurred in 78 patients, accounting for 41.5%; marked effectiveness, in 34 patients, accounting for 18.1%; effectiveness, in 33 patients, accounting for 17.6%; ineffectiveness, in 43 patients, accounting for 22.9%, with a total efficacy rate of 77.1%.The clinical therapeutic effect was significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in the clinical score in the two groups (P<0.05) and a statistically significant post-treatment difference in the clinical score between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Cupping can improve the clinical therapeutic effect on recurrent mycotic vaginitis and relieve its clinical symptoms.
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Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the amount of narcotic drugs and stress response in elderly patients. Methods 100 cases of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement from February 2015 to August 2016 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, 50 cases in each group. The patients in the experimental group received 0.5ug/kg dexmedetomidine before anesthesia induction, with a duration of 15min and a speed of 0.5ug/(kg?h), which lasted for 0.5h before the end of the operation. The control group was given the same volume of normal saline. The stress response and dosage of narcotic drugs in the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed. Results The dosage of propofol and sufentanil in the experimental group were (520.72±112.47) mg and (44.20±13.62)ug significantly less than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before anesthesia induction, there was no significant difference between the two groups in cortisol levels and IL-6 levels. After the operation, the cortisol level and IL-6 level of the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group (0.5 h), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can significantly reduce the dosage of anesthesia drugs propofol and sufentanil in elderly patients, and reduce the stress response to a great extent. It has clinical significance.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of cupping treatment for recurrent mycotic vaginitis. Method Three hundred and eighty-three patients with recurrent mycotic vaginitis were randomly allocated, including 188 cases to a control group and 195 cases to an observation group. The control group received vaginal administration of clotrimazole and oral administration of sporanox and the observation group, cupping treatment in addition. Re-examination was made after two weeks of treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects and the clinical scores were compared between the two groups. Result In the observation group, clinical cure occurred in 96 patients, accounting for 49.2%; marked effectiveness, in 45 patients, accounting for 23.1%; effectiveness, in 34 patients, accounting for 17.4%; ineffectiveness, in 20 patients, accounting for 10.3%, with a total efficacy rate of 89.7%. In the control group, clinical cure occurred in 78 patients, accounting for 41.5%; marked effectiveness, in 34 patients, accounting for 18.1%; effectiveness, in 33 patients, accounting for 17.6%; ineffectiveness, in 43 patients, accounting for 22.9%, with a total efficacy rate of 77.1%.The clinical therapeutic effect was significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in the clinical score in the two groups (P<0.05) and a statistically significant post-treatment difference in the clinical score between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Cupping can improve the clinical therapeutic effect on recurrent mycotic vaginitis and relieve its clinical symptoms.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the amount of narcotic drugs and stress response in elderly patients. Methods 100 cases of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement from February 2015 to August 2016 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, 50 cases in each group. The patients in the experimental group received 0.5ug/kg dexmedetomidine before anesthesia induction, with a duration of 15min and a speed of 0.5ug/(kg?h), which lasted for 0.5h before the end of the operation. The control group was given the same volume of normal saline. The stress response and dosage of narcotic drugs in the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed. Results The dosage of propofol and sufentanil in the experimental group were (520.72±112.47) mg and (44.20±13.62)ug significantly less than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before anesthesia induction, there was no significant difference between the two groups in cortisol levels and IL-6 levels. After the operation, the cortisol level and IL-6 level of the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group (0.5 h), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can significantly reduce the dosage of anesthesia drugs propofol and sufentanil in elderly patients, and reduce the stress response to a great extent. It has clinical significance.
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This research adopts "Delphi method" to evaluate atractylodes traditional traits and rank correlation. By using methods of mathematical statistics the relationship of the traditional identification indicators and atractylodes goods rank correlation was analyzed, It is found that the main characteristics affectingatractylodes commodity specifications and grades of main characters wereoil points of transaction,color of transaction,color of surface,grain of transaction,texture of transaction andspoilage. The study points out that the original "seventy-six kinds of medicinal materials commodity specification standards of atractylodes differentiate commodity specification" is not in conformity with the actual market situation, we need to formulate corresponding atractylodes medicinal products specifications and grades.This study combined with experimental results "Delphi method" and the market actual situation, proposed the new draft atractylodes commodity specifications and grades, as the new atractylodes commodity specifications and grades standards. It provides a reference and theoretical basis.